Comme tous les pays ayant hérité d’influences lusophones, le Cap-Vert doit une grande part de sa culture à la musique et à la danse. Peuple à la joie de vivre reconnue et au tempérament festif, les Cap-Verdiens sont très versés dans l’art et ont offert au monde bon nombre de rythmes et de sonorités qui au-delà de l’aspect folklorique, revêtent une part d’histoire non négligeable.
Les îles du Cap-Vert possèdent de nombreuses fêtes, le plus souvent reliées à la célébration d’un saint. Elles sont l’occasion de réunir toute la communauté autour de musiques, de chants et de danses souvent traditionnelles. C’est le cas des fêtes de Bandeira de São Felipe (Fogo) et de leurs courses de chevaux qui sont très réputées. Le pays célèbre également plusieurs carnavals, dont les plus célèbres sont ceux de Mindelo, que certains comparent même à celui de Rio, et celui de São Nicolau, plus authentique. Plusieurs grands festivals de musique se déroulent également sur toutes les îles, et certains, comme celui de Baia das Gatas à São Vicente, ont réussi à se faire connaître à l’international.
La musique et la danse sont d’une importance capitale dans le quotidien des Cap-Verdiens puisqu’elles sont intimement liées à leur passé d’esclaves. Servant autrefois de moyen de communication et d’expression, ces deux formes artistiques sont devenues, au rythme des migrations, un moyen festif pour se faire connaître aux yeux du monde. La musique se chante en créole et reste toujours associée à une danse. Les plus célèbres sont :
Le funana : originaire de l’île de Santiago et au rythme typiquement africain, le funana se retrouve aussi au Brésil sous le nom de funganga ou de fungaga au Portugal. Pendant la colonisation, il était interdit par les colons portugais, avant de devenir après l’indépendance un symbole de l’affirmation de l’identité capverdienne. Le rythme est très rapide et la musique se danse collée serré, comme c’est la tradition au Cap-Vert.

Le batuque : lui aussi originaire de Santiago et importé par les esclaves. Outre les voix des chanteuses, les seuls instruments utilisés sont des morceaux de chiffons et de sacs plastiques tassés, formant ce que l’on appelle la “tchabeta”. Les femmes les placent entre leurs jambes et s’en servent comme tambours, en produisant un rythme saccadé et très rapide. Une chanteuse entame alors un chant qui ressemble à une lamentation, le “finaçon”, repris en chœur par le reste du groupe. Les femmes dansent à tour de rôle, le bassin orné d’un pagne, en balançant les hanches de chaque côté.
La morna : originaire de l’île de Boa Vista, il s’agit d’une musique mélancolique qui évoque à la fois amour et la nostalgie. Elle a connu diverses influences, d’abord angolaise avec le “lundum”, puis portugaise avec le “fado” et enfin argentine avec le “tango”. Cesaria Evora et Bana sont connus comme étant les deux artistes qui ont le plus contribué à faire connaître cette musique dans le monde entier.
La coladeira : à mi-chemin entre les rythmes africains et brésiliens, elle était considérée comme une musique populaire à la différence de la morna, plus noble.
Le zouk a été importé de Martinique et est devenu le cabo-love.
La mazurka quant à elle est très appréciée sur les îles de São Nicolau et de Santo Antão, où la cola-sanjon se chante et se danse à l’extérieur des églises, lors des messes de la Saint-Jean et de la Saint-Antoine.

Cesaria Évora, «la Diva aux pieds nus», est l’artiste la plus connue sur la scène internationale. Devenue star sur le tard à l’âge de 50 ans, elle a connu une carrière hors du commun en multipliant les duos avec de grands artistes comme Salif Keita, Compay Segundo, Bonga, remportant de nombreux prix (Grammy Awards, disques d’or, Victoires de la musique, Légion d’honneur, etc.). Suite à de nombreux problèmes de santé, la diva annonce en septembre 2012 la fin de sa carrière et se retire dans sa ville natale de Mindelo. Elle décède le 17 décembre 2012 à l’âge de 70 ans, laissant le peuple cap-verdien orphelin. En juin 2014, le Conseil de Paris décide de rendre hommage à la chanteuse en donnant son nom à une place dans le XIXe arrondissement.
Sur le plan artisanal, outre les œuvres venues du continent, le Cap-Vert possède quelques productions locales comme les chefs-d’œuvre en pierre de l’île de Fogo, la vannerie, ou encore les magnifiques broderies et chapeaux de l’île de São Nicolau. Le Cap-Vert possède de nombreux talents comme le cinéaste Leão Lopes, ancien ministre de la Culture dans les années 1990. Il fut le premier à tourner un long métrage dans le pays avec «O ilhéu da contenda» (L’îlot du conflit).
La littérature n’est pas en reste avec une évolution de l’oralité héritée des ancêtres africains qui a mené à une culture littéraire, avec des écrivains comme Pedro Monteiro Cardoso et Eugenio Tavares qui fondèrent un mouvement défendant les valeurs culturelles capverdiennes héritées du colon portugais. Baltasar Lopes da Silva et son célèbre roman Chiquinho, ou encore Antonio Carreira qui, à travers ses nombreux écrits sur la société esclavagiste du pays, aidèrent à contextualiser l’africanité de la société capverdienne.

José Rodrigues Aleixo, originaire de Brava, qu’il ne quittera jamais, vit dans une grotte, retiré du monde où il écrit des poèmes dans lesquels il relate son mal de vivre. Ayant reçu le don de soigner certaines maladies, il est devenu une légende, également connu sous le nom de Djedi Portrero.
José Evaristo de Almeida qui fut fonctionnaire portugais et député du Cap-Vert, est reconnu comme le premier romancier de l’archipel et publie «O Escravo» en 1856, roman majeur de la littérature nationale.
La peinture, la photo et le tissage sont également bien représentés sur le plan international avec des artistes comme les frères Figueira, Tchalé et Manuel, peintres émérites ou le sculpteur, peintre et photographe Abraão Vicente.
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