L’Afrique, berceau de l’homme, a une riche histoire. Toutefois, l’oralité étant inscrite dans la tradition africaine, de nombreux personnages et faits mythiques sont tombés dans l’oubli, faute d’avoir pu être retranscrits et transmis fidèlement. Les plus beaux mythes de l’histoire africaine ressurgissent tout de même parfois, au détour d’une conversation avec un ancien ou d’une contre-plongée dans les prémices de la culture traditionnelle noire.
L’une des légendes relatives au peuple noir se retrouve dans l’histoire de la reine Abla Pokou. Une figure plutôt méconnue de nos contemporains, malgré le sacrifice qui fut à l’origine de sa renommée.
Le peuple Akan, au XVIIIe siècle, possédait une reine qui, d’après l’histoire, avait tous les attributs dont pourrait rêver une femme de haut rang. Belle, courageuse et intelligente, elle dirigeait son royaume d’une main de fer, mais avec justice. Ce faisant, elle s’attira la jalousie de ses ennemis qui se liguèrent afin de précipiter sa chute. Vaincue, elle fut obligée de fuir son royaume natal avec les plus fidèles de ses sujets et ainsi, de se réfugier en Côte d’Ivoire. Durant son périple, poursuivie par ses rivaux, elle vécut de nombreuses difficultés, bravant la fatigue et la peur afin de sauver son peuple. Après plusieurs jours de marche, les éclaireurs envoyés en avant de la tribu, afin de faciliter l’exil vers la Côte d’Ivoire, revinrent avec une nouvelle inquiétante. Un fleuve infranchissable à pied se dressait devant les fugitifs, les contraignant soit à trouver une solution pour le traverser soit à s’arrêter et faire face à leurs poursuivants, plus nombreux et mieux armés. Le sorcier ayant consulté les oracles, il lui fut commandé de sacrifier ce qu’ils auraient de plus précieux. Croyant par là qu’on demandait que les richesses emportées soient abandonnées, elles furent rassemblées et offertes aux génies qui les refusèrent, précisant leur désir de se voir offrir l’enfant le plus précieux.

Ayant saisi le sens que revêtait ce dilemme pour la survie de son peuple, qui lui avait fait confiance et suivi sans hésitation, la reine Abla Pokou, avec le courage que seul confère un statut de leader, se résigna dans la douleur et le déchirement à se séparer de son jeune fils. Écartant de fait la possibilité qu’une autre qu’elle-même, la reine, ne sacrifia ce qui lui était le plus cher. Elle prit donc son enfant qu’elle avait sur le dos, le couvrit de bijoux, et dans un dernier élan d’affection, elle l’offrit au fleuve qui l’engloutit et redevint aussi calme qu’il ne s’était agité peu avant.
Aussitôt le sacrifice fait, des hippopotames surgirent des flots dressant leur imposante ossature de manière à former un pont vivant et ainsi permettre à la reine Abla et à son peuple de rejoindre l’autre rive, échappant ainsi à un destin funeste. Conscient du sacrifice consenti par leur reine, son peuple se prosterna devant son courage et devant les larmes de cette femme qui avait dû se soumettre à un choix cornélien pour sauver les siens. Elle murmura douloureusement : « Ba ouli », ce qui signifie « l’enfant est mort ! ». Ainsi, pour remercier sa reine, le peuple prit ce cri de douleur d’une mère pour nom et devient le peuple « Baoulé ».
Le sacrifice de la reine Baoulé, bien qu’ayant des airs de légende, est pourtant bel et bien réel car ayant été la clef de voûte de la naissance de ce peuple qui vit toujours en Côte d’Ivoire, et dont l’histoire est basée sur le don de soi, l’abnégation et le sens des responsabilités. Encore une belle histoire qui fait partie du patrimoine culturel africain, et qui mériterait d’être mieux connue des nouvelles générations.
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